This article does not explain how octopuses actually match the color in their backgrounds. I like to believe that there are organs in the skin, as yet to be discovered. National Geographic has a good article:
Ramirez and Oakley showed that the octopus's skin also contains opsin, but not in the chromatophores. Instead, its opsins reside in small hair-like structures called cilia. People used to think that the octopus used these cilia as organs of touch; they still could be, but they might also detect light too.May 20, 2015
Octopuses, and Maybe Squid, Can Sense Light With Their Skin
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